How to measure resilience with these 8 resilience scales. Sensitivity and specificity of rs 5 compared with rs 11 were. Psychometric properties of the swedish version of the. Principal components factor analysis of the rs was conducted followed. Resilience scale level of resilience, as determined through the resilience scale rs, was the primary outcome measure 6. Methods the rs 11 scale was administered to 3942 participants aged 64 94 years of the koraage study. Development and psychometric evaluation of the resilience scale. As suspected within the workplace, trust is a building block for resilience. The effect of occupational therapy on resilience and. Brief resilience scale brs please respond to each item by marking. Higher total scores represent higher resilience levels. Resilience scale for adults 21, and the brief resilience scale 22, among others 23. To investigate the psychometric properties of the finnish version of the resilience scale rs and its short version rs14, as well.
How does it assess a persons ability to cope and bounce back. However, there is no consensus about a generally accepted scale that could have the most adequate psychometric properties 19. Validation and development of a shorter version of the. Frontiers the relationship between resilience and mental. Resiliency scales for children and adolescents contains. Resiliency scales for children and adolescents pearson. Locating and selecting an instrument that measures resilience is no simple task.
Resilience scale, the resilience scale for adults and the brief resilience scale received the best psychometric ratings. All scales demonstrated acceptable levels of internal consistency, convergentdiscriminant validity and. Therefore, this study develops a new scale to measure resilience in midlife. Sense of relatedness scale trust, support, comfort, tolerance. Construct validity of the rs was obtained from correlations with theoretically relevant constructs, such as depression. Pdf the resilience scale rs was developed to evaluate the levels of resilience in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate resilience in relation to age and gender, and to elucidate the underlying structure of the swedish version of the resilience scale rs. We found no current gold standard amongst 15 measures of resilience. Young, phd, rn this study describes the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the 25item resilience scale rs in a sample of 810 communitydwelling older adults. Read resilience scale for adolescents rsca rsca resiliency scales for children and adolescents rs resiliency scales bpfi baruth protective factors inventory brcs brief resilient coping scale rim resilience in midlife scale cyrm child and youth resilience measure trs trauma resilience scale. Pdf the resilience scale 14 rs 14 is a well known tool used to measure resilience. Add the value 15 of your responses for all six items, creating a range from 630. The resilience scale rs14 consists of 14 items rated on a scale from 1 does not apply to 4 applies very strongly, with higher scores. The rs correlated negatively with depression and positively with meaning in life and selfefficacy.
Scores on this scale have been found to positively correlate with intelligence as it relates to the ability to adapt, supporting the scale s ability to assess an. Conceptually, these factors align to the outlook emotional style. Using this scale, we test the hypothesis that health hygiene factors are correlat ed with psychological resilience domains. Resilience scale rs and its shortened 5 rs 5 and 11 rs 11 item versions, and the brief resilient coping scale brcs. The discussion of each measure includes information about its origins, a description of the measure and its uses, and a discussion of the psychometric properties of the measure.
Various items from some major resiliency scales, most of them with some partial change, were collected and. Unaccounted resilience variables 27 items, cdrisc expanded kinyarwanda version 34 items, 6 items from the cdrisc subsumed in abbreviated form in the positive psychology outcome measure ppom, a 29item arabic translation of the scale, a 3item version of the scale 2016, a ghanaian 18item scale, and a 17item spanish scale 2012. The other three assess process resilience or multilevel interactive resilience resources. Psychometric evidence of the brief resilience scale brs and. This website is home to the connordavidson resilience scale.
Psychometric proprieties, resilience scale, resilience, portuguese adults. Please read on if you are interested in more specific information about the rs. It consists of 25 items, and the degree of stress perceived for each item is rated on 7point likert scales range, 25175 9. Pr6 the predictive 6 factor resilience assessment scale. Purpose of this study was to develop a new resiliency scale rs for turkish samples. Pritzker and minter noticed a negative asymmetry of the rs 14 scale and proposed a solution of including other resilience scales, additional positive psychological variables e. The rs, originally created by wagnild and young is a 25 items scale of lickert type with possible scores ranges from 25 to 175, the higher the score, the stronger. The 14item resilience scale rs14 may be the most popular scale in the world to measure resilience. The psychometric properties of the resilience scale rs of 14 items wagnild, 2009c is presented in spanish. However, no scale exists to measure resilience specifically in the midlife population. The resilience scale rs 14 consists of 14 items rated on a scale from 1 does not apply to 4 applies very strongly, with higher scores indicating higher levels of resilience. The rs 14 is the short version of the rs, which is strongly correlated with the rs. Short report open access reliability and validity of the.
The purpose of this study was to develop a new resiliency scale rs for turkish samples. The purposes of this article are to provide additional support for the psychometric properties of the resilience scale and to consider the clinical applicability of this tool. The resilience scale rs was chosen for further evaluation because of its focus on resilience as a positive personality characteristic. The rs was developed as a method of examining the degree of resilience one possesses. Measures 14item resilience scale 12item purposeinlife test piltest12. The piltest12 is a reduced version of the purpose in life test, developed by crumbaugh and maholick 1964. In addition, reliability coefficients and correlations with measures of wellbeing and psychopathology are calculated to report on the measures potential psychometric utility. To examine the factor structure, construct, and predictive validity of the resilience scale rs, japanese uni versity students n 504 to 547 were examined. The 14item resilience scale rs 14 please read the following statements. It is a 25item, 7point scale, with demonstrated validity and reliability6. We also measure forwardlooking elements to contrast with pointin. The original resilience scale the resilience center. In this way, it would be possible to define various median values for different groups and consider them as. The rs has a good internal consistency and a single factor structure.
May 18, 2016 the pr6 is a holistic resilience measurement scale that reaches further than traditional scales by incorporating health hygiene factors as a fundamental component of psychological resilience. To the right of each you will find seven numbers, ranging from. Click the circle below the number which best indicates your feelings about that statement. Its reduced version rs 14 has presented reliable internal consistency and external validity. The brief resilience scale intends to measure ones ability to bounce back or recover from stress. Nov 22, 20 background the aim of this study was to assess reliability and validity of the resilience scale 11 rs 11 and develop a shorter scale in a populationbased study. Frontiers polish version of the resilience scale rs14. Scores on this scale have been found to positively correlate with intelligence as it relates to the ability to adapt, supporting the scale s ability to assess an individuals ability to bounce back from failure and disappointment. This concept has been well studied in western countries and less in developing countries, particularly nigeria. Pdf psychometric properties of the finnish version of the.
Feb 01, 2011 the resilience scale was specifically developed to measure personality characteristics of resilience in older adults. The resilience scale users guide for the us english version of the resilience scale and the 14item resilience scale rs 14. Although the rs has been applied to younger populations, it was developed from qualitative research with older women. The 14item resilience scale and rs 14 are international. Measuring resilience with the brief resilience scale university of.
Multiple versions of the scales were tested for internal consistency, with scales retained, modified or rejected based on resulting scores. It is a highly valid and reliable 25item measure and measures resilience in any setting. Psychometric assessment of the wagnild and youngs resilience. However, its psychometric properties have not been systematically evaluated. Use separately, together, or in conjunction with any symptombased measure to obtain a balanced view of the teen. The scale was scored by following the instructions of the manual. Students high in resilience were less likely to be depressed or suicidal. Validation data was collected through an online measurement device. Various items from some major resiliency scales, most of them with some partial change, were collected and a pool of 228 items containing almost all possible resilience areas were obtained.
Sense of mastery scale optimism, selfefficacy, adaptivity. You dont need to keep searching for an excellent tool to measure resilience. The conceptual and theoretical adequacy of a number of the scales was questionable. Divide the sum by the total number of questions answered 6 for your final score.
Factor structures for the rs, rs 11 and cdrisc diverged from the structures in the. The resilience scale rs 2 march 3911 please read the following statements. Reflecting the eventual use of existing scales, the scale itself is short and simple to administer. Mannwhitneys test replicated previous findings, suggesting that resilience, as measured by the rs, increases with age. The resilience scale rs 14 consists of 14 items rated on a scale from 1 does not apply to 4 applies very strongly, with higher scores. Exploring the construct validity of the two versions of the. To test reliability, factor analyses were carried out and internal consistency cronbachs. Th e reliability and validity of the resilience scale for. The brief resilience scale was developed purely to assess the concept of resilience under its original etymology or measure of ability. Results method this study examined the factor structure of the 14item resilience scale rs 14. Review of the common characteristics of resilience across validated resilience scales were conducted.
The rs 11 is a unidimensional scale, using a 7point likert scale ranging from 1 strongly disagree to 7 strongly agree. Rs 14, the present study aimed to examine its factor structure. Was applied to a sample of 323 college students 79 men and 244 women aged 18 to 55. This document provides information about several measures of resilience or hardiness that have been used in recent years. Validation of the resilience scale for adolescents read in.
After 30 years of research, we know that our measures are. The rim scale consists of 25 items, each selfrated on a 5point scale 04, with higher scores reflecting greater resilience. Resiliency scales for children and adolescents is ideal for the clinical or school psychologist, social worker or counsellor because it is flexible. The resilience scale rs was developed to evaluate the levels of resilience in the general population. The 25 and 14 item resilience scale was developed as a general measure of resilience for. From this, domainlevel scales were finalised, an extended 50item resilience scale pr650 was developed, and the 16item pr6 was revised. The 25item resilience scale is the original resilience measure and considered the gold standard for resilience assessments among researchers around the world. The predictive 6factor resilience scale the science of. Development and psychometric evaluation of the resilience. Pr6 the predictive 6 factor resilience assessment scale pdf. The aim of the study is therefore, to demonstrate the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the resilience scale rs and its 14item short version rs 14 in a.
Culturally sensitive and universal measure of resilience for j resilience scale rs. Please use the links in the menu above to find out. A validity study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in general hospital units and a community sample in nigeria. My team leader tells me what i need to know before i need to know it.
The background literature reveals a significant gap with respect. Pdf validation and development of a shorter version of the. Measures of resilience and an evaluation of the resilience. All scales demonstrated acceptable levels of internal consistency, convergentdiscriminant validity and theoretical construct validity. Both scales correlated significantly in expected directions with related. Circle the number which best indicates your feelings about that statement. To the right of each you will find seven numbers, ranging from 1 strongly disagree on the left to 7 strongly agree on the right. Nov 23, 2011 background resilience seemed to lie at the core of the recent promotion of positive mental health and wellbeing. Validation of the resilience scale for adolescents read. The psychometric properties of the 14item resilience scale. Psychometric evidence of the brief resilience scale brs. Feb 04, 2011 background the evaluation of interventions and policies designed to promote resilience, and research to understand the determinants and associations, require reliable and valid measures to ensure data quality. International journal of behavioral medicine15, 3, 194200.
Scale bruth protective factors inventory brfi connordavidson resilience scale cdrisc resilience scale for adults rsa adolescent resilience scale ars briefresilient coping scale brcs resilience scale rs authors baruth and carroll 2002 connor and davidson 2003. Reframing resilience concept education in medicine journal usm. Each scale contains subscales that are theoretically grounded. The resilience scale the open family studies journal. Composed of 12 items, the piltest12 evaluates, through a 7point likert scale 1 5 totally disagree and 7 5 totally agree, the degree of ones meaning in life. Pdf the aim of this study was to assess reliability and validity of the resilience scale 11 rs11 and develop a shorter scale in a. The 14item resilience scale scales psychology roots. Please use the links in the menu above to find out more about the assessment, and how you can obtain a copy. Culturally sensitive and universal measure of resilience for j rs 14 were then examined in crosssectional studies.
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